Industries in India Essay

Today India is one among the apex ten industrial kingdoms of the humanness. industrial growing has changed Indias economy from low- create status to ontogeny status.Industries can be classified into variant types on the basis of their structure. The two chief(prenominal) types argon 1) Manufacturing industries including plodding and light industries. 2) humble and cottage industries .Manufacturing industries Industries which ar concerned with the treat or conversion of new materials into faultless products atomic number 18 c eached manufacturing industries.IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES1) Manufacturing industries summation the depicted object income and per capita income. Industrial instruction increases the engagement opportunities to a plumping routine of people and and so increases their income. 2) Industrial development solves the problems of un-employment and chthonian employment which be nigh of the major problems of India. 3) Industrial devel opment promotes agriethnical development. some industries argon agro-based industries. Agricultural products ar stark(a) materials for these industries. training of these industries enables agriculture to increase its employment.4) Industrial development helps to utilise the internal resources, such as mineral resources, water resources, forest resources and opposite(a) natural resources. Utilisation of these natural resources helps in the give 0f the country. 5) Many institutions belonging to the third field argon likewise developed as a result of industrial development. e.g. Banking, education, insurance, carry- everyplace and communication.6) Countries which depend only on agriculture choose low criterion of living. But countries which substantiate developed twain in agriculture and industries shoot fountainhead balanced economic system.7) Industrialisation helps both the domestic and impertinent craftiness of a nation. Many verticals, which we produce argon merchandiseed toformer(a) countries and help us to earn extraneous exchange. It also reduces our dependence on external countries for many an(prenominal) candids.8) Generally industries argon determined in towns and cities, this enables the towns and cities to become trade and cultural moves.9) Arms and ammunition ask for the refutal of the country need to be produced in the country itself. We can non depend on early(a) countries for these arms and ammunition. Industries manufacture tankers, aeroplanes, explosives, guns, bullets and many new(prenominal) defence requirements and thus help to modify the defence of the country.10) Increase of industries helps in the increase of income of the government beca intention they pay taxes and duties to thegovernment.Facilities open for industrial development in India1) India has potentiometer of natural resources identical forests, minerals, spot resources, water resources and so on which ar indispensable for industrial deve lopment. 2) India has cosmic human resource, which can provide affordable agitate. The large population of India also provides trade for industrial products. 3) India is an agricultural country. Agriculture provides barren materials for many industries and agriculture is the chief trade for industrial products.Industrial development in IndiaAncient India had do great appear in industries. Manufacture of cloth, gunny bags, makeup and other industries were well developed in India. Example Muslin cloth of Dacca, chintzes of Masulipatnam, Calicos of Calicut and Gold embellishment of Surat. both these wides were fabricate in cottage industries. During the British period all these industries suffered. The industrial policy of the British and the Industrial innovation in England were the master(prenominal) causes for the decline of our industries. heretofore few redbrick manufacturing industries were st blinded during the British period.Important among them were a like cloth mill at Bombay in 1854, a Jute mill in Calcutta in 1855 and another cotton pose fiber plant fiber fiber textile mill at Ahmedabad. A musical composition mill was started virtually Calcutta in 1867 and smelting of iron ore at Kulti in westernmost Bengal in 1870. Availability of earthy materials and cheap labour were responsible for the establishment of these industries. Ourindustrial maturate was truly slow until the First significantity War. later on the First World War, industries identical iron and firebrand, chemicals, net income, cement and machine tools were started. After independence, our industries made great arm. The cinque course of instruction Plans were started for all-round economic development and immediately India occupies an alpha place in world industrial development.Factors for the location of IndustriesThe factors for the location of industries be availability of birthday suit(prenominal) materials, agency resources, transport and communication facilities, skilled and unskilled labour, favourable climate, crownwork, water resources, market place place and Government policy. entirely these facilities may not be comprise in one portion, besides a combination of these factors leads to the location of industries.Industrial regions of India ground on the factors mentioned above, four main industrial regions argon found in India. They atomic number 18,1) atomic outlet 74 Bengal, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh2) Maharashtra and Gujarat3) Central Gangetic region4) South IndiaJharkhand, westside Bengal and Chhattisgarh region It is also known as Damodar-Hooghli region. The region includes Chotanagpur plateau which has large deposits of minerals like iron ore, char, manganese, mica and bauxite. Port facilities, power resources and availability of cheap labour are the other factors.Maharashtra Gujarat region It has extensive cotton growing areas. in that location are good transport and port facilities, hydro-electric power, labour core and facilities for dandy investment. Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Surat, Sholapur are noted for cotton manufacture.Central Gangetic region This region produces plenty of primitive materials take for agro-based industries. The Plain region has made possible for the development of roads and lines. High tightfistedness of population has provided market and labour tot.South India The industries are outspread head over many towns and cities of South India. Many types of industries provoke been developed. Availability of raw materials, hydro-electric power, market and labour force have helped the growth of many industries. Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, jacket crown of Oregon and Hyderabad are the weighty industrial centres.IMPORTANT INDUSTRIESManufacturing industries are separate into two types on the basis of the raw materials that they use. They are1) Agro-based industries2) Mineral-based industries1) AGRO- ground INDUSTRIES The substantial agro -based industries are cotton textiles, jute, dulcorate and musical theme.COTTON TEXTILESThe head start cotton textile mill on modern lines was started in Bombay in 1854. Later, mill intimately were started at Ahmedabad in 1858, then in Kanpur, Nagpur, Sholapur, Surat and other places. Today India holds the third place among the cotton textile producing countries of the world. It provides mployment to a large number of people and also helps to earn contradictory exchange. Gujarat and Maharashtra states, lead the country in cotton textile fruit. Mumbai and Ahmedabad are the strategic centres. Mumbai has the largest number of cotton textile move. It is the main cotton textile centre in India. Mumbai is called cottonopolis or Manchester of India. (Manchester is the main cotton textile centre in England) The other important centres of cotton textiles are Nagpur and Sholapur in Maharashtra, Kolkata in westside Bengal, Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh, Indore in Madhya Pradesh, Surat in Gujarat, Salem, Coimbatore and Chennai in Tamilnadu, Bangalore and Davangere in Karnataka and Delhi. Handloom sedulousnessHandloom manufacturing is arduous in Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Assam and Uttar Pradesh. In recent old age ready-to-wear cotton garment attention has been developing fast and earns a good amount of foreign exchange. Cotton textiles and ready-made garments are exported from India to foreign markets. Europe,the U.S.A., and many countries of Africa and Australia are our main markets. Rough cotton cloth and cotton thread are exported to Myanmar, marrow East, Thailand and other countries.Jute attentionJute constancy occupies an important place in the industrial progress of India. It has provided employment to about 25 hundred thousand workers. India produces 35 % of the total jute products of the world. Its share in earning foreign exchange is also important. The first jute mill was started at Rishra come pricey Kolkata in 1855. Being an export oriented in dustry, it grew very fast. The partition of India struck a heavy blow to the jute industry. nigh of the jute mills remained in India and the jute growing areas went to East Pakistan (Bangladesh). Now attempts have been made to grow jute in the Gangetic delta of West Bengal, in Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Orissa. Jute mills are more than often than not concentrated in lower Hooghly basin. The main reasons for this concentration are availability of raw jute, fresh water, cheap water transport, power resources, cheap labour, capital and port facilities. In recent years, jute mills have also been located in Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. The main jute products are gunny bags, jute cloth, tarpaulins, ropes and cordages ( demand for cable industry). India exports jute products to the U.S.A Britain, Canada, Argentina and Russia. cole exertion starting line has been used in India since a very long time. India produces sporting sugar, Khandsari a nd Gur or Jaggery. It provides employment to about 2.5 lakh people in India and also earns foreign exchange. Modern sugar mills were started in 1931. Sugarcane, which is the raw material for sugar industry, is a perishable and weight losing raw material. The Sugar factories are located wherever sugar cane is grown. Sugar factories are concentrated in the Gangetic plain (Uttar Pradesh and Bihar). The other states where sugar factories are found are Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The sugarcane of peninsular India yields more sugar than the North Indian sugarcane. There are 37 sugar factories in Karnataka. The districts of Mandya, Belgaum and Bellary have a large number of sugar factories. Gorakhpur districts of Uttar Pradesh hasthe largest number of sugar mills and is called Java of India. India exports sugar to the U.S.A, Britain, Iran, Malaysia and Canada. stem IndustryPaper manufacturing had been carried on in India as a cottage industry sinc e ancient times. As a manufacturing industry it was first started in 1867 at bally(prenominal) near Kolkata. There were only 15 paper mills before independence. Softwood, bamboo, sabai grass, straw, ba featurese, ticklish water and chemicals are the raw materials required for paper industry. Owing to very expressage forest as raw materials. The chemicals required for paper industry are sultry soda, soda ash, sodium sulphate, chlorine and sulfuric acid. West Bengal has the largest number of paper mills in India. The reasons for it are, availability of raw materials, char and electricity, abundant supply of soft water, supply of capital and availability of cheap labour. The important centres are Kolkata, Titagarh, Raniganj and Kakinada. In Karnataka the paper mills are located at Dandeli, Bhadravathi, Mandya and so on Nepanagar in Madhya Pradesh is an important producer of newsprint. The production of paper in India is not fitting to meet the demand, so large quantities of paper are imported from other countries.MINERAL- BASED INDUSTRIESThe important mineral-based industries of India are iron and brand, heavy applied science and machinery, machine tools,transport equipment, chemicals, chemical fertilisers and cement industries. bid and marque industryIndians knew the art of smelting iron ore since early times. Modern firebrand industry was first started at Kulti in West Bengal in 1874. But the real beginning of iron and mark industry was made in 1907 at Jamshedpur in Bihar (present Jharkhand) by the Tatas, called Tata Iron and Steel attach to (TISCO). Again in 1919 a poise plant was set up at Burnpur in West Bengal called Indian Iron and Steel confederacy (ISCO) and at Bhadravathi in Karnataka in 1923 called Mysore Iron and Steel order (MISCO). Now it is called Vishweswaraiah Iron and Steel Company (VISCO). After Independence during the Second Five division Plan period, iii bragging(a) Iron and Steel plants wereestablished at Bhilai in Madhya Pradesh (now in Chhattisgarh) Rourkela in Orissa and Durgapur in West Bengal. During the Third Five Year Plan, a very big vane plant was established at Bokaro in Bihar ( now in Jharkhand).The fourth v year plan proposed to start three more trade name plants at Salem, Vijayanagar and Vishakhapatnam. The Salem and Vishakhapatnam steel plants have started production but Vijayanagar steel plant was entrusted to the personal sector and production is in the beginning stage. Tata Iron and Steel Company and Vijayanagar steel plant are under the private sector. The others are under the public sector. To encourage and drop dead iron and steel industry under both private and public sectors, Steel Authority of India was established in 1973. All the raw materials required for iron and steel industry like iron ore, manganese, limestone and coal are bulky and weight-losing. So this industry is located near the regions where the raw materials are found in abundance. The finished products are a lso heavy and need good transport system for their distribution. Iron and steel industry is concentrated around the Chotanagpur plateau which is rich in most of the raw materials required and therefore Chotanagpur plateau is called the Rhur of India. (Rhur region in Germany is noted for iron and steel industry). India exports a large quantity of steel and cast iron to Britain, the U.S.A and Japan.Engineering IndustryThere was a time when we were pendant on other countries for various types of engineering goods. Since Independence great progress has been achieved in this field and now we manufacture machinery required to manufacture goods. A heavy engineering plant is established at Ranchi in Jharkhand, which manufactures various machines required by us and also machinery for export. Hindustan Machine Tools at Bangalore manufactures a wide variety of machine tools and tractors. Machines required to manufacture cement and chemicals are manufactured at Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh . strong galvanising equipment industryIndia produces many types of electrical equipment. Heavy electrical motors, transformers, water wheels, electric fans etcetera, are manufactured at Bhopal, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Tiruchinapalli and otherplaces. Bharat HeavyElectricals hold in (BHEL) has set up its plants at differentplaces. integrity such plant is in Bangalore. express and equipment IndustryIndia has made good progress in this industry also. It is engaged in the production of automobiles, rail line engines, rail line coaches, railway wheels and axles and ships. Chittaranjan in West Bengal manufactures electrical and diesel locomotives, Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh produces diesel locomotives, Perambur near Chennai produces railway coaches. Mumbai, Kolkata, Kochi, Vishakahpatnam and Marmagoa are the major ship building centres. Aircraft industry has been developed at Bangalore, Hyderabad and Kanpur. Maruthi Udyog near Delhi produces motor cars. Kolkata(West Bengal), Jamshed pur(Jharkhand), Hosur in Tamllnadu (Leyland) and Bangalore in Karnataka (Volvo) are noted for the manufacture of motor vehicles. The railway wheel and axle plant is at Yelhanka near Bangalore.Chemical IndustryMany chemicals are required for the production of rayon, rubber, paper, glass, soap, chemical fertilisers and insecticides. merely for sulphur, the other raw materials are available in India for the production of chemicals. After Independence great progress has been made in this direction. At present, there are more than three hundred chemical factories spread all over India. Mumbai, Kolkata, Kanpur, Bangalore, Chennai and Ahmedabad are the important centres of this industry. Sulphuric acid, caustic soda, soda ash, bleaching gunpowder and soaps are produced in our country.Chemical fertiliser industryChemical fertilizers are very internal to improve the fertility of the lubricating vegetable oil and to increase the production in agriculture. India world a predominantly an agricultural nation, production of chemical fertilizers is necessary. Complex fertilizers like urea, ammonium ion sulphate and nitrates are produced in India. The bi-products of coal, and oil refineries are used as raw materials in this industry. Now natural gas is also used as a raw material. The first chemical fertilizer factory in India was started at Belagola near Mysore (Mysore fertilizers). The next factory was started at Travancore (Alwaye) in Kerala called Fertilizer and Chemicals Travancore Ltd. (FACTS).Now there are more than one hundred fertilizer factories under both public and private sectors. Some of the important fertilizer factories under the public sector are at Sindri (Jharkhand), Nangal (Punjab), Trombay (Maharashtra), Gorakhpur (Uttar Pradesh). Rourkela (Orissa), Neyveli (Tamilnadu), Durgapur (West Bengal), Kochi (Kerala) and Mangalore (Karnataka). Though the production of fertilizers has increased over the past few years, still it is not sufficient and we impo rt fertilizers from other countries. cement Industry cement is the most essential commodity for construction work after(prenominal) iron and steel. For the construction of buildings, roads, river valley projects, bridge over etc., cement is very necessary on with iron. That is why the consumption of cement is the superpower for the rate of development of a country. The first cement factory was set up at Chennai in 1904. It used seashells as raw material. Now limestone, coal and gypsum are the main raw materials. As the raw materials are heavy, the cement factories are primarily located close to the source of raw materials. cement factories are located all over India, because the raw materials are available without the country. There are about 150 cement factories in India. virtually of the cement factories are in Tamilnadu, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Most of the factories are under the private sector. In Karnataka, Associated Cem ent Company near Gulbarga, Mysore Cement Company in Bhadravathi, Diamond Cement factory at Ammasandra near Tumkur are important. India is self sufficient in cement production. We also export cement to Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Iran etc.EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAYou have already studied that India has made industrial progress. This development has resulted in some good and bad do.Good effects Industrialisation has changed India into a developing nation and to-day India is one of the ten industrially in advance(p) nations of the World. Industrialisation has increased production through the utilization of unused natural resources. It has cut down to some extent the population thatwould have been dependent on agriculture. The industrial centres have become the centres of education, culture and trade. Industrialisation has enabled us to become selfreliantwith regard to many goods for which we were depending on other countries earlier. It has affected our foreign trade also and we are able to export many goods to other countries. Import of many goods has been stopped or reduced. The National Income and per capita income has increased. We have achieved development in the field of technology also. There is great progress in the field of Banking, Transport and Communication and Insurance. The foreign countries are attracted and they are drop their capital in our industries. The non-resident Indians are also investing capital and hence the investment of capital has considerably increased.Bad effects The industrial centres attract population from rural areas and the density of population has increased in industrial centres. Lack of housing facilities has created many slum areas. The slum dwellers are suffering from lack of healthfacilities, housing, sanitization and water. The slums have become the centres of many anti-social activities. latterly in almost all the states, the spend Development Boards have been set up to improve t he conditions of slum dwellers. Excessive use of Technology and Computers in industries, has resulted in the remotion of workers and this has become a big problem. There is a fear that the foreign capital investment may result in the economic exploitation of the country